Diabetes tends to run in my family and it is something I am proactively guarding against. When it comes to Schnauzers, they can suffer from many of the same diseases that humans struggle with, and diabetes is one of them. This guide covers what you need to know about canine diabetes, including how to spot the symptoms, manage the disease, and help to prevent it in the first place.
Canine diabetes is a medical condition that develops when the body is unable to produce the right amount of insulin. Schnauzers, particularly Miniature Schnauzers, are prone to diabetes and need a healthy diet, moderate exercise, and monitoring for symptoms.
What is Canine Diabetes?
Your Schnauzer’s health depends on his body’s ability to maintain an ideal hormonal balance. This is a complex process, and when a hormone is out of balance, health problems can develop.
Like diabetes you or I might experience, canine diabetes is a medical condition that develops when his body is unable to produce the right amount of insulin. Insulin is made in the pancreas and when this organ is impaired and either makes too little or stops making insulin, blood sugar levels cannot be properly regulated.
Insulin converts the carbohydrates that your Schnauzer ingests through the food that he eats into simple sugars, including glucose. When insulin levels are normal, glucose is absorbed through the intestines, enters the bloodstream, and then it is distributed throughout the cells of the body to be converted into energy.
Without the right amount of insulin, the body cannot store and use glucose.
The result is that it builds up in the bloodstream and it is discharged through the urine. This means that the cells in his body do not receive the nourishment that they need.
Diabetes can result in a variety of different health problems arising as complications of the disorder.
Why are Schnauzers Prone to Diabetes?
Schnauzers are more prone to diabetes than other breeds.
Of the three classifications of Schnauzers, including Giant, Standard, and Miniature, the Miniature Schnauzer has the most disproportionate percentages of occurrences when compared with other canine breeds.
Scientific studies show that diabetes in Miniature Schnauzer populations was noted at an average of 34 out of 10,000 in the United Kingdom, 13 out of 10,000 in Sweden, and it was 19 out of 10,000 in the USA and Canada, with numbers increasing to 64 of 10,000 between 1970 and 1999. It seems to be a disease that is on the rise in Miniature Schnauzers.
The agreed upon reason as to why Miniature Schnauzers are more prone to diabetes is fairly straightforward: it seems to be due to breeding.
“Schnauzers are more prone to diabetes than other breeds.”
THE SCHNAUZER COLLECTIVE
Although the precise cause is not known, it is believed that predisposition to develop canine diabetes is a genetic and is passed through the genes from the parents to the offspring.
What Causes Diabetes in Schnauzers?
Researchers do not yet know the exact causes of diabetes in Schnauzers.
However, based on the current research, it is believed that at least in Miniature Schnauzers, there are several genes that have been identified as probable contributors to the high risk for diabetes. The role of these genes and their relationship to the high susceptibility in Miniature Schnauzers is still under investigation.
It is further believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors influence the likelihood of diabetes developing. Diet and lack of exercise may also be contributing factors.
Like humans, Schnauzer can develop either Type I Diabetes or Type II Diabetes.
Type I Diabetes
Type I canine diabetes is the most common. It is diagnosed when the cells of the pancreas responsible for creating insulin are completely destroyed and are no longer capable of functioning.
Type II Diabetes
Type II diabetes, also known as insulin-resistance diabetes happens when there are other hormones within your Schnauzer’s body that stop the insulin from performing its function correctly. A known cause of this type of hormonal interference is obesity. Even if your Schnauzer has not yet been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, if he is grossly overweight, it will increase his risk of developing the condition at some point in his life. The highest risk exists as your Schnauzer reaches middle age and older.
What are the Symptoms of Diabetes?
The first noticeable symptoms of diabetes are an excessive thirst followed by increased urination. Weight loss is also a symptom that occurs when your Schnauzer is having problems receiving the proper nourishment or his body because of an inability to process, distribute, and use glucose.
If your Schnauzer shows any of these signs it is vital to take him into the veterinarian for a thorough examination and testing. Your veterinarian will administer a blood test to assess your Schnauzer’s glucose and protein levels.
The typical onset of diabetes is between the ages of 5 to 12 years old in a Schnauzer. It’s most common in those who are middle aged or older. It’s rare for this condition to appear in puppies. It is more common in females who have been spayed than in males.
Here is a list of common diabetes symptoms:
- “Sweet-smelling” breath
- A urinary tract infection
- Changes in appetite
- Chronic fatigue and low energy
- Failing eyesight
- Increased urination
- Noticeably excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss or weight gain
Diabetes-Related Health Problems
If your Schnauzer develops canine diabetes, it is important to get him medical attention and follow the instructions provided by your veterinarian.
When untreated or not handled properly, there are several related health problems that can arise from the diabetic condition.
Here are several additional health problems that can develop due to diabetes:
Vision Problems
Glucose imbalances from diabetes can lead to an increase in the water absorption in the lens of the eyes. This can cause blurred and cloudy vision. It can also contribute to the development of cataracts. Diabetes an also lead to blindness in your Schnauzer.
Heart Problems
When diabetes spirals out of control, it can affect your Schnauzer’s body at a cellular level. Cells that cannot receive the proper nourishment will begin to weaken and die. As a result, diabetes can weaken the heart muscles and it can also lead to vascular issues so the blood vessels cannot provide the necessary flow of blood to the heart. Heart problems and even heart failure can occur.
Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis is another serious health risk of canine diabetes. It occurs when your Schnauzer’s body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate his blood sugar. Ketoacidosis is considered to be a medical emergency that needs to be addressed immediately. This condition that causes more severe symptoms that include dehydration, vomiting, nausea. It may ultimately result in a life-threatening health crisis.
Pancreatitis
Canine diabetes can cause an inflammation of the pancreas which is called pancreatitis. This is an extremely painful condition. It can also cause urinary tract infections as well as hyperadrenocorticism as a result of the production of too much cortisol. This can lead to a loss of muscle mass, decreased strength, feelings of lethargy, skin thinning and calcification, fur loss, and abdominal distension. You may want to read my article Pancreatitis in Schnauzers: Symptoms, Treatment, & Diet for more information.
How is Diabetes Treated in Schnauzers?
If your Schnauzer is diagnosed with diabetes, your veterinarian is likely to recommend a treatment regimen that includes a special diet, exercise, and in some cases, injections of medications to regulate his blood sugar.
Here are a few helpful facts about treatments for canine diabetes and how they can help your Schnauzer:
Diet
Your Schnauzer will need a special balanced diet that contains proteins, fiber, and complex carbohydrates. This combination can help to slow the absorption of glucose. Your vet may also recommend cutting down the fat content. This provides your Schnauzer with foods that work with his body instead of against it. It is important to stick to the treatment plan set in place by your veterinarian.
Exercise
Schnauzers generally have quite high exercise needs, and it’s especially important in controlling diabetes. Consistent and moderate exercise can help to regulate his body metabolism and it can help all of the processes for conversion of calories work more smoothly. Regular exercise can prevent your Schnauzer from experiencing spikes in his blood glucose.
Medication
The typical form of medication for canine diabetes is a daily injection of insulin. Although this may seem like a daunting task, once you learn how to administer the injection it is fast and does not cause trauma to either you or your Schnauzer. It becomes a part of your regular routine, and it can help to improve his health and extend his life. Your vet will educate you about the best treatment for your Schnauzer and will provide you with all of the information that you need for monitoring his blood glucose levels and which warning signs to watch for.
What is the Cost to Treat Diabetes?
The cost to treat diabetes in your Schnauzer depends upon the type he has developed.
The cost of treatment depends upon the diagnosis, the frequency of injected medications needed and the dosage that is required.
During the initial stages, the cost can become high because there is a trial and error period to find the ideal dosage to bring your Schnauzer’s glucose to healthy levels. This may require a lot of testing and the labs can add up as well as the medication costs.
This cost can range between $40 per month up to $200 per month.
How Can You Help Diabetes at Home?
If your Schnauzer has been diagnosed with diabetes, there will be an adjustment period for everyone involved.
Keep these tips in mind as you support your Schnauzer and learn new ways of managing his health.
Follow Veterinarian Instructions
The best way to help your Schnauzer deal with his diabetes at home is to follow the instructions that are given by your veterinarian. Monitor his glucose levels as recommended and give him the recommended medications on schedule.
Maintain a Healthy Diet
It’s also important to make sure that he sticks to the recommended diet using high-quality dog food. and given in the recommended feeding amounts for his weight, size, and current medical condition.
According to PetsWebMd, “Researchers are still exploring what diet is best for dogs with diabetes.
Most vets recommend a high-fiber, low-fat diet. Fiber slows the entrance of glucose into the bloodstream and helps your dog feel full. Low-fat foods have fewer calories. Together, the diet can help your dog eat less and lose weight.
But make sure your pooch drinks plenty of water. Fiber takes water from the body, and that can cause constipation and other problems.
Most dogs do fine with food you can buy at the store. But your vet may recommend prescription dog food or a homemade diet developed by a veterinary nutritionist. Your vet can tell you the best way to go about changing your dog’s food.”
In addition, limit the amount of foods and treats that contain any type of sugars, and this includes fruits.
Get Some Exercise
All Schnauzer breeds can benefit from between 30-90 hours of exercise per day. Daily walks are a great way to keep your Schnauzer fit, trim, and in a better position to manage blood glucose levels.
If he is already overweight, consult with your veterinarian for the ideal diet and exercise plan. Even moderate, manageable changes can help your Schnauzer safely lose enough weight to improve his health.
Clean Those Teeth
It’s also important to maintain good oral hygiene and make sure that his teeth and gums are kept in excellent condition. Periodic checkups, at least annually, help to catch problems early.
Schnauzers are prone to dental problems and any issues can make existing health problems, such as diabetes, even more serious. Ultimately, poor dental hygiene will cause your Schnauzer’s entire system and organs to deteriorate. Read my article Your Schnauzer Has Genetically Bad Teeth! (What to Do) for essential details.
Educate Yourself and the Family
The more that you can learn about canine diabetes, the better you will be able to help your Schnauzer to live a healthier and longer life.
Read the literature that your veterinarian provides, and keep up on the most recent research. Scientists are constantly learning new information about pet health and you never know when a new breakthrough in diabetes treatment or care will be published.
It’s also important to make sure that every member of the family is aware of his special healthcare needs. Some well-meaning members may feed him snacks that are not good for him and that may even cause him harm. Make sure that everyone in the house knows that table scraps are not an option, and that they should not feed him any treats or snacks that are not allowed by his diet.
What Type of Schnauzer Diet Helps Diabetes?
The best diet for your diabetic Schnauzer is one that is made of high quality ingredients with no fillers or preservatives.
He needs a lower-fat, high protein diet that contains fiber as well as complex carbohydrates. It’s important to avoid cheaper brands that contain high amounts of corn fillers and other grains. Also avoid those that are made up of bone meal, and those that are high in fat content. In addition, avoid sugary treats and too much fruit.
One source mentions that “The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) guidelines say the type of food fed to a dog with diabetes is much less important than the consistency of the diet. As long as the food is a high-quality diet that is complete and balanced, your diabetic dog will do fine with it.”
If you’re not sure about which brand or type of food is the most suitable, especially for diabetes, ask your Schnauzer’s veterinarian for recommendations.
You could also consult with a canine nutritionist for customized plans and home-cooked options.
Can Schnauzer Diabetes be Cured?
So far, there is no known cure for canine diabetes. It is a lifelong medical condition.
Although this is currently the case, there are ways to successfully manage your Schnauzer’s diabetes so he can have a long and healthy life.
The best approach is to work closely with your veterinarian, follow the treatment plan exactly, and keep you eyes open for any concerning symptoms or deterioration.
Life Expectancy and Quality of Life with Diabetes
Canine diabetes is not necessarily a death sentence for your Schnauzer.
While it can be frustrating and difficult at first, with patience and consistency, it is possible to successfully manage his diabetes to give him a long, happy, and healthy life. Some Schnauzers can live their lives without any symptoms at all under the proper management.
Studies have shown that the first three months of treatment after diagnosis are the most critical. Those that live past this period of time, with conscientious owners usually do very well.
The death rates for Schnauzers who die from diabetes are those that pass before the diabetes can be successfully regulated. These are also Schnauzers who have been diagnosed with other diseases that create serious health complications in addition to the diabetes. Those who are not properly diagnosed in a timely manner, of course, have a higher mortality rate.
How to Prevent Canine Diabetes in Your Schnauzer
Since the exact cause of canine diabetes is not known, it is a bit more difficult to prevent the condition from occurring, but there are a lot of things that you can do to lessen the likelihood.
Here are the top things you can do to potentially prevent your Schnauzer from developing diabetes:
Choose a Good Schnauzer Breeder
Due to the belief that the risk factors are genetically passed down, it’s important to purchase your Schnauzer from a reputable breeder without a history of canine diabetes in the ancestral line. Read my article How to Choose a Reputable Schnauzer Breeder for key tips.
Spay Your Female Schnauzer
Females that are not spayed are at a higher risk for developing diabetes. If you own a female, spaying her can lessen the chances of her developing insulin-resistant diabetes. It is believed that the condition can be brought on by pregnancy.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Obesity is a risk factor that is linked with canine diabetes. Although there is no scientific evidence that it directly causes the condition, maintaining a healthy body weight is important for lessening the risks for canine diabetes as well as cardiovascular and other serious health issues.
Be sure to feed only the recommended amount each day. Schnauzers, especially Miniature Schnauzers are prone to gaining weight. Read my article How Much and How Often Should a Schnauzer Eat? for details.
Offer a Healthy Diet
An overabundance of fatty foods in the diet can put your Schnauzer at a higher risk for developing pancreatitis with inflammation of the organ and a higher risk of insulin producing cells being damaged or destroyed.
Check with your veterinarian about the optimum amounts of fat to include in your Schnauzer’s diet. Some sources say that “Your dog needs a minimum of 18% protein and 8% fat in his diet to meet his basic requirements. You should keep in mind, however, that the Miniature Schnauzer is prone to health problems related to a high-fat diet so look for something in the moderate fat range between 8% and 15% to prevent these problems.”
Keep Up the Exercise
As I mentioned above, Schnauzers need between 30-90 minutes of at least moderate exercise each day. Walks, hikes, active play at a dog park, and sports such as agility training are all great options. You might be interested in my article What are the Best Sports for Schnauzers? for additional ideas.
And finally, from one pet parent to another, discover my all-time favorite resources designed to cover your every Schnauzer need. I’ve done the legwork for you so you can spend more time with the people and fur friends in your life.
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